Science
What are
peptides?
Short chains of amino acids — the molecular messengers behind countless biological processes.
<50
Amino acids linked together form a peptide. Proteins are longer — peptides are structurally precise.
7,000+
Peptides occur naturally in the human body, regulating growth, repair, and cellular signaling.
20
Standard proteinogenic amino acids form the building blocks of all peptide sequences.
Composition
What are they
made of?
Peptides consist of amino acids connected via peptide bonds. The specific sequence determines biological function. With 20 standard amino acids, nature generates thousands of unique peptide structures — each with distinct molecular targets.
Step 1
Peptide travels through circulation to target tissue
Step 2
Binds to specific cell-surface receptor — lock-and-key interaction
Step 3
Activates intracellular signaling cascade — alters gene expression or enzyme activity
Mechanism
How do they
work?
Peptides act as molecular messengers. Through receptor-ligand interactions, they trigger highly selective intracellular cascades — targeting pathways like PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and NF-κB with precision.
Synthesis
Synthetic
peptides.
Produced via Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS) — enabling precise, reproducible assembly under controlled conditions. Purity is verified through HPLC and mass spectrometry. Every batch independently tested by Janoshik laboratory.
Peer-Reviewed Research
Research Library.
Published studies on the peptides we carry. Provided for scientific reference only — all products are for research use exclusively.
Retatrutide
Efficacy and safety of retatrutide for obesity — systematic review & meta-analysis of RCTsPubMed ↗ Retatrutide as a GLP-1, GIP & glucagon triple agonist — systematic reviewPubMed ↗ Retatrutide for metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease — phase 2a RCTNature Medicine ↗ Effects of retatrutide on body composition in type 2 diabetes — phase 2 substudyPubMed ↗Tesamorelin
Tesamorelin: review of its use in HIV-associated lipodystrophyPubMed ↗ Effects of tesamorelin on visceral fat in HIV-infected patients — RCTPubMed ↗GHK-Cu
Regenerative and protective actions of GHK-Cu in light of new gene data — Int J Mol SciPubMed ↗ GHK-Cu may prevent oxidative stress by regulating copper and antioxidant gene expressionPubMed ↗BPC-157
BPC-157 as potential agent rescuing from nerve injury — Curr Pharm DesPubMed ↗ Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC-157: novel therapy in gastrointestinal tractPubMed ↗TB-500
Thymosin beta-4 promotes angiogenesis, wound healing, and hair follicle developmentPubMed ↗ Progress on the function and application of Thymosin β4 — Int J Mol Sci 2021PubMed ↗CJC-1295
Prolonged stimulation of GH and IGF-I secretion by CJC-1295 in healthy adultsPubMed ↗Ipamorelin
Ipamorelin — the first selective growth hormone secretagogue — Eur J EndocrinolPubMed ↗Melanotan I & II
Melanocortin receptor agonists — pharmacology and clinical potentialPubMed ↗ Melanotan-II: review of melanotropic properties — Peptides 2002PubMed ↗Epitalon
Effect of Epitalon on biomarkers of aging and life span in Swiss micePubMed ↗ Epithalon induces telomerase activity and telomere elongation in human somatic cellsPubMed ↗Selank
Selank affects expression of genes involved in GABAergic neurotransmissionPubMed ↗Semax
Protective effect of Semax in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model — brain protein expressionPubMed ↗Thymosin Alpha-1
Thymosin alpha-1: a comprehensive review of the literature — Dominari et al. 2020PubMed ↗MOTS-c
MOTS-c: mitochondrial-derived peptide regulating muscle and fat metabolism — Cell Metab 2015PubMed ↗Research Use Only. All studies are published in peer-reviewed journals and provided for informational purposes only. NEOPEPS products are intended exclusively for laboratory research and are not approved for human or veterinary use.